There is no such thing as a single "correct" skin care routine, but there's definitely an optimal way to apply your products. Whether you're a minimalist who prefers sticking to a three-step routine or the type of person willing to undertake 11 steps daily in pursuit of glass skin, the way you layer your chosen products has a big impact on how well they work. The more product-intense you go, the more important this order becomes.
There's a reason why cleansing comes first, serum sits beneath moisturizer, and sunscreen goes on last. Understanding this order will ensure your favorite skin care products work effectively—because no one wants to splurge on a luxury serum, only to render it useless because of misapplication. If you've ever looked at a tube of retinol or a bottle of face oil and wondered exactly how (and when) to use it, wonder no more. Below, dermatologists and skin care experts explain the most effective way to apply every single product in your routine.
The Best Order to Apply Skin Care Products
The easiest way to break it down is to refer to the table above, which lays out the best order for your separate morning and night skin care routines. "The principle behind ordering is to cleanse your skin, open your skin so products can soak in, add actives on, then seal with moisturizing products," says Morgan Rabach, M.D., dermatologist and co-founder of LM Medical NYC. Below, the detailed breakdown of every single step in your daily skin care routine.
1. Makeup Remover/Cleansing Oil
Do This Step: At Night Only
Unless you went to bed with makeup on (please don't), there's no reason to do this step in the morning. But at night, it makes your cleanser's job a lot easier.
"Removing all makeup from your skin should always be your first step at the end of the day," says Loretta Ciraldo, M.D., dermatologist and founder of Dr. Loretta Skincare. Look for formulas that are effective enough to melt away waterproof mascara, but still gentle on your face—like micellar water. You can also double cleanse with an emulsifying oil, which gets rid of the need to buy cotton rounds. (We like these reusable makeup remover pads too.)
Embryolisse Lotion Micellaire No Rinse Make-Up Remover
Neutrogena Oil-Free Eye Makeup Remover
DHC Deep Cleansing Oil Medium
Juice Beauty Stem Cellular Cleansing Oil
2. Cleanser
Do This Step: Morning and Night
Now that your makeup layer is gone, you can proceed with washing your face. "A cleanser gets rid of dead skin, pollutants, oils, dirt, and bacteria," says Rabach. Both she and Ciraldo recommend also doing this step when you first wake up in the morning, in order to prep your skin to absorb the active ingredients in your other products.
The best cleanser for you will depend on your skin type. "It's important to pay attention to what's in your cleanser and what's not in it," says Ciraldo. She recommends avoiding sulfates, which can have a harsh, stripping effect on your face—and looking for actives that suit your needs. "For normal or dry skin, I favor a hydrating cleanser with peptides," she says. "If you're oily or acne-prone, use a mild exfoliating cleanser with salicylic acid, which dislodges the dead cells that can clog pores."
CeraVe Hydrating Facial Cleanser
HoliFrog Tashmoo Water Lily Nourishing Milky Wash
iS Clinical Cleansing Complex
SkinMedica AHA/BHA Exfoliating Cleanser
3. Eye Cream
Do This Step: Morning and Night
The first product to go on your face? Eye cream. The reason is simple—because you'll probably forget to do it otherwise. Ciraldo recommends patting eye cream on gently with your ring finger (this way you'll tug less at the delicate skin there) all the way around your eyes, not just underneath them. If you're worried about eye cream causing your concealer or eye makeup to smear, choose a more lightweight option, like a hydrating gel that sinks in quickly and stays put.
For the best results, look for ingredients like peptides—which help tighten your skin and de-puff—as well as antioxidants. Rabach recommends formulas that contain hydrating hyaluronic acid, brightening caffeine, and ceramides (these lock in moisture and help strengthen your skin barrier).
Tatcha The Silk Peony Melting Eye Cream
IT Cosmetics Confidence In An Eye Cream
Paula's Choice Resist Anti-Aging Eye Cream
La Roche-Posay Redermic C Eyes Anti-Wrinkle Firming Moisturizing Filler
4. Toner/Essence
Do This Step: Morning and Night
Both toners and essences are meant to help further prime your skin to absorb active ingredients, but the one you choose will depend on your skin type. Old-school toners were meant to balance skin pH and counteract alkaline soaps, before soap-free cleansers became popular. Now, toner usually refers to liquid formulations geared toward oily skin that's in need of gentle exfoliation and resurfacing. Ciraldo says those with oily or acne-prone skin should look for toners with ingredients like glycolic or salicylic acid.
Essences, on the other hand, tend to be more hydrating. Rabach recommends looking for actives like hyaluronic acid, which will flood your skin with moisture that you can lock in during subsequent steps. To apply, soak a cotton pad in liquid and gently pat it over your face. Alternatively, you can use your hands to do the same thing.
Indie Lee CoQ-10 Toner
COSRX Advanced Snail 96 Mucin Power Essence
Thayers Alcohol-Free Witch Hazel With Aloe Vera Toner
Dermalogica Multi-Active Toner
5. Serum
Do This Step: Morning and Night
This is the step where you'll deliver the bulk of active ingredients to your toner/essence-primed face, and it's important to do it early on in your routine. "Serums are formulated with smaller molecular-weight actives so they penetrate into deeper skin layers," says Ciraldo. "If you apply your serum after a thicker formulation, the active ingredients may not penetrate as well."
While you should apply serum twice a day, you shouldn't be using the same formulation. "Serum actives differ for day and night," says Rabach. During the day, she likes to choose serums with antioxidants that protect skin from daytime stressors like free radicals (caused by UV rays), pollutants, and blue light. The most popular ingredient for this is vitamin C, which you will have no problem finding in serum form. (Just make sure to choose one that's properly stabilized for maximum effect.) At night, opt for a serum with peptides and growth factors to repair skin.
For both daytime and nighttime serums, Rabach also has a general list of ingredients she likes to look for across both formulations: Niacinamide to reduce redness, hyaluronic acid to pull moisture into your skin, and alpha and beta hydroxy acids (AHAs and BHAs), which help boost collagen and even out skin pigmentation. Ciraldo further splits up her preferred serum ingredients by skin type. "For acne-prone skin, look for stem cells, retinol, and green tea," she says. "For dehydrated skin, look for lipids, hyaluronic acid, and peptides. And for hyperpigmented skin, look for vitamin C."
SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic Antioxidant Serum
Peach & Lily Glass Skin Refining Serum
SkinMedica TNS Essential Serum
Sunday Riley Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment
6. Retinol
Do This Step: At Night Only
Retinol truly deserves its own essay, but the short version is this: The vitamin A derivative boosts collagen production and increases the rate of cellular turnover. "Retinol reduces fine lines, reduces pore size, increases collagen and elastin production, takes off dead skin, reduces oil production, unclogs pores, and evens out skin tone," says Rabach. Whether you want to clear breakouts or fade fine lines—or basically do anything to your face—retinol is your friend.
On the flip side, this is a strong ingredient, and beginners should proceed with caution when adding to their routines. Potential side effects can include flaking, dryness, retinol burn, and increased sensitivity to the sun, which is why you should stick to applying it at night. Dermatologists often recommend easing in to daily application slowly. "Start three times a week for the first week or two," says Ciraldo. From there, you can gradually increase the frequency of application.
Most will apply their retinol layer after their serums and before moisturizer, but there is one exception. If your skin has trouble tolerating retinol and you want to minimize its side effects, you can buffer it instead. Retinol buffering refers to a technique where you mix your retinol with your moisturizer and apply it as a single step. This helps you still get the benefits, but decreases the potential for irritation. To take it a step further, you can also apply retinol over your moisturizer. Experiment with this step, and see where it fits best in your routine.
Olay Regenerist Retinol 24 Night Facial Cream
SkinCeuticals Retinol 0.5 Refining Night Cream
Lancôme Visionnaire Skin Solutions 0.2% Retinol Correcting Night Concentrate
Kate Somerville +Retinol Vitamin C Moisturizer
7. Moisturizer
Do This Step: Morning and Night
Moisturizers are there to simultaneously hydrate and seal in hydration, which is why these formulas tend to be heavier than the layers that go underneath. "You should use moisturizers with humectants like glycerin and hyaluronic acid, which pull in water," says Rabach. "I also recommend looking for ceramides, which seal the outer layers of skin."
Ciraldo says that many of her patients prefer to use separate formulas for their morning and nighttime routines. This has more to do with how moisturizers feel than anything else. You can use a lightweight formula in the morning that blends better with your makeup and reserve a heavier cream for evening. Ciraldo's additional tip is to double up on your serum and moisturizer actives. For example, if you use a vitamin C serum in the morning, you can layer a vitamin C moisturizer right on top to boost the benefits.
Glow Recipe Banana Soufflé Moisture Cream
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Dr. Loretta Anti-Aging Repair Moisturizer
Dr. Dennis Gross Skincare Stress Repair Face Cream with Niacinamide
Tatcha The Dewy Skin Cream
8. Spot Treatment
Do This Step: Morning and Night
You only need to use spot treatments on active breakouts, but if you're experiencing acne, you can apply a leave-on spot treatment both morning and night to speed up its healing cycle. According to Ciraldo, you should spot-treat after you've applied your moisturizer, not before. This helps make sure the product stays on top of the pimple, and doesn't go on the rest of your face. "If you're using a strong acid and then smear moisturizer all over your face, you run the risk of the product getting on more sensitive areas," she says. You'll also dilute its effectiveness. Wait for your AM/PM moisturizer to sink in, then carefully pat over the affected areas.
The two most common over-the-counter ingredients for spot treatments are benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid. Rabach differentiates them like this: Benzoyl peroxide helps kill acne-causing bacteria, while salicylic acid gently exfoliates and dries out your oil glands.
La Roche-Posay Effaclar Duo Dual Acne Treatment
Eve Lom Dynaspot
Differin .5 oz. Acne Treatment Gel
Indie Lee Blemish Lotion
9. Face Oil
Do This Step: Morning and Night
If there's one step in your daily skin care routine that surprisingly divides experts, it's face oil. The most common recommendation is to apply it last at night and second-to-last before sunscreen in the morning. That's because oils are occlusive, says Mona Gohara, M.D., dermatologist and associate clinical professor at Yale School of Medicine. Meaning, they help trap moisture in your skin. This is why Renée Rouleau, celebrity esthetician and founder of Renée Rouleau Skin Care, says you should think of face oils as a top coat. "Oils provide a protective barrier to help prevent moisture from evaporating," she says. "Anything applied over it may not be offering as much benefit to your skin because it can’t get through."
However, some derms advise their patients to take this step earlier in their routines (usually before moisturizer) depending on the formulation of the oil they're using. "Some oils are designed with ingredients that hydrate, others to brighten or even to strengthen your skin," says Joshua Zeichner, M.D., director of cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Ciraldo also says it's OK to mix oils with your moisturizer if you prefer.
Whichever way you land, the important thing is that you don't overdo it—with face oils, a little goes a long way. To apply, warm about two to three drops of oil in your palms and pat lightly over your face.
Pai Skincare Rosehip Bioregenerate Oil
African Botanics Neroli Infused Marula Oil
Drunk Elephant Virgin Marula Antioxidant Face Oil
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Elemis Superfood Facial Oil
10. Sunscreen
Do This Step: In the Morning Only
What derms unanimously agree on is that you should wear sunscreen every single day to prevent UV damage—whether or not you go outside. Sunscreen needs to go over face oil in order to be most effective. "You do not want anything to stop the sunscreen from working, or making it less effective," says Gohara. "Putting an oil on top of your sunscreen can decrease it’s efficacy."
There are two types of sunscreens to choose from for your final step: physical and chemical. Physical blockers contain minerals like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide and work by reflecting light away from your skin. Chemical blockers, on the other hand, work by absorbing light and converting it into heat, preventing it from penetrating into your skin. Rouleau says that mineral formulas are often better for sensitive skin, while chemical formulations tend to be thinner and spread more easily.
Chemical formulas also come with the benefit of not leaving a white cast on darker skin tones. While mineral sunscreens traditionally cast an ashy tone, Zeichner points out that brands have begun formulating better physical sunscreens to counteract that. "The newest formulation technology has brought us micronized sunscreens that rub in to your skin much better than ever before," he says. "So using a zinc-based sunscreen no longer necessarily means your face will have that white cast. No matter what your personal preference is, there are sunscreens for every need."
Supergoop! Unseen Sunscreen
EltaMD UV Physical Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen
Dr. Loretta Urban Antioxidant Sunscreen
Suntegrity Skincare Natural Moisturizing Face Sunscreen
Sarah Wu is a writer in Berlin. Follow her on Instagram @say.wu.
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